List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Global map of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[1]
Annual GHG emissions by region, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[2]
Per capita annual GHG emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[3]

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2005, 2017 and 2022 annual GHG[n 1] emissions estimates (in kilotons of CO2 equivalent per year) along with a list of calculated emissions per capita (in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year). The data include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from all sources, including agriculture and land use change. They are measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th assessment report finds that the "Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)" sector on average, accounted for 13–21% of global total anthropogenic GHG emissions in the period 2010–2019.[4] Land use change drivers net AFOLU CO2 emission fluxes, with deforestation being responsible for 45% of total AFOLU emissions. In addition to being a net carbon sink and source of GHG emissions, land plays an important role in climate through albedo effects, evapotranspiration, and aerosol loading through emissions of volatile organic compounds.[4] The IPCC report finds that the LULUCF sector offers significant near-term mitigation potential while providing food, wood and other renewable resources as well as biodiversity conservation. Mitigation measures in forests and other natural ecosystems provide the largest share of the LULUCF mitigation potential between 2020 and 2050. Among various LULUCF activities, reducing deforestation has the largest potential to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions, followed by carbon sequestration in agriculture and ecosystem restoration including afforestation and reforestation.[4] Land use change emissions can be negative.[n 2][6]

In 2022, GHG emissions from the top 10 countries with the highest emissions accounted for almost two thirds of the global total. Since 2006, China has been emitting more CO2 than any other country.[7][8][9]

However, the main disadvantage of measuring total national emissions is that it does not take population size into account. China has the largest CO2 and GHG emissions in the world, but also the largest population. For a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO2 and GHG per capita.[10]

Considering GHG per capita emissions in 2022, China's levels (10.95) are almost 60 percent those of the United States (17.90) and less than a sixth of those of Qatar (67.38 – the country with the highest emissions of GHG per capita in 2022).[11][12]

China, the United States, India, the EU27, Russia and Brazil were the six world largest GHG emitters in 2022. Together they account for 50.1% of global population, 61.2% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 63.4% of global fossil fuel consumption and 61.6% of global GHG emissions.[12] Even in 2022, global GHG emissions primarily consisted of CO2, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels (71.6%). CH4 contributed 21% to the total, while the remaining share of emissions comprised N2O (4.8%) and F-gases (2.6%).[12]

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.[13]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution.[14] The European Union is at the forefront of international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus safeguard the planet's climate. Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1 °C above pre-industrial levels.[15]

Per capita GHG emissions[edit]

GHG emissions by country/territory[edit]

The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.[12]

Country/territory GHG emissions
(ktCO2eq/year)
Per capita (tCO2eq/year % of world Change
(1990=100%)
1970 1990 2005 2017 2022 2022 2022 2022
 Aruba 45.2 214.4 462.6 467.2 496.7 4.64 0.001% 231.7Negative increase
 Afghanistan 17,336.2 13,775.6 18,191.3 31,773.0 29,117.9 0.73 0.054% 211.4Negative increase
 Angola 20,138.4 34,957.0 73,533.9 81,888.0 66,480.1 1.90 0.124% 190.2Negative increase
 Anguilla 4.3 8.8 18.0 34.5 28.1 1.87 0.000% 317.6Negative increase
 Albania 8,261.3 11,568.1 8,070.1 9,281.3 7,983.4 2.71 0.015% 69.0Positive decrease
 Netherlands Antilles 15,078.6 2,855.9 6,146.2 4,171.5 2,154.5 13.06 0.004% 75.4Positive decrease
 United Arab Emirates 29,374.9 84,786.9 169,629.1 270,987.8 295,110.3 29.33 0.549% 348.1Negative increase
 Argentina 223,210.9 262,670.2 344,827.1 379,169.3 382,992.5 8.27 0.712% 145.8Negative increase
 Armenia 15,350.1 24,373.3 7,429.7 8,624.0 9,377.0 3.19 0.017% 38.5Positive decrease
 Antigua and Barbuda 170.5 246.6 265.2 335.7 359.8 3.36 0.001% 145.9Negative increase
 Australia 315,014.3 457,216.6 576,589.8 601,065.2 571,382.1 21.98 1.062% 125.0Negative increase
 Austria 72,486.0 81,508.0 96,877.8 85,874.4 76,743.3 8.70 0.143% 94.2Positive decrease
 Azerbaijan 46,276.3 69,807.5 46,458.6 57,785.6 68,876.9 6.72 0.128% 98.7Positive decrease
 Burundi 2,284.8 3,059.2 3,731.9 7,223.4 7,479.9 0.59 0.014% 244.5Negative increase
 Belgium 170,206.5 142,803.4 145,835.3 124,191.4 114,032.2 9.74 0.212% 79.9Positive decrease
 Benin 2,519.1 4,201.6 8,759.4 16,604.7 20,685.1 1.62 0.038% 492.3Negative increase
 Burkina Faso 6,801.4 11,283.5 20,701.4 31,296.6 36,497.1 1.65 0.068% 323.5Negative increase
 Bangladesh 130,992.6 139,912.8 179,555.0 268,202.7 281,082.1 1.62 0.523% 200.9Negative increase
 Bulgaria 91,663.7 104,986.5 66,755.3 65,315.8 68,413.5 10.00 0.127% 65.2Positive decrease
 Bahrain 18,213.1 30,224.1 43,733.0 62,996.5 69,976.2 39.29 0.130% 231.5Negative increase
 Bahamas 1,586.0 1,289.9 1,145.1 1,675.1 1,881.6 4.54 0.003% 145.9Negative increase
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 16,430.5 32,789.9 23,248.0 31,574.4 29,324.0 8.41 0.055% 89.4Positive decrease
 Belarus 82,257.0 137,528.2 81,382.1 101,400.8 99,874.2 10.65 0.186% 72.6Positive decrease
 Belize 293.2 495.4 601.1 924.7 976.6 2.36 0.002% 197.1Negative increase
 Bermuda 164.2 273.1 209.3 298.0 353.9 5.90 0.001% 129.6Negative increase
 Bolivia 27,433.2 31,278.5 36,467.9 56,609.4 58,463.0 4.92 0.109% 186.9Negative increase
 Brazil 365,261.1 695,638.1 1,067,458.9 1,298,021.6 1,310,498.9 6.05 2.437% 188.4Negative increase
 Barbados 544.5 858.9 887.3 856.2 928.0 3.22 0.002% 108.0Negative increase
 Brunei 3,207.7 8,182.6 11,465.3 13,653.9 14,829.4 32.66 0.028% 181.2Negative increase
 Bhutan 730.2 1,160.8 1,852.5 2,979.3 3,070.9 3.60 0.006% 264.6Negative increase
 Botswana 3,456.1 9,333.7 10,135.8 12,131.5 12,607.1 5.05 0.023% 135.1Negative increase
 Central African Republic 1,810.4 7,823.6 10,289.0 12,325.6 13,448.2 2.62 0.025% 171.9Negative increase
 Canada 464,159.0 582,165.4 745,212.1 772,896.9 756,810.1 19.79 1.407% 130.0Negative increase
 Switzerland 51,202.6 54,843.5 56,335.3 49,216.2 45,563.8 5.18 0.085% 83.1Positive decrease
 Chile 51,533.1 60,743.3 95,547.5 128,447.3 137,011.2 7.31 0.255% 225.6Negative increase
 China 2,142,614.2 4,073,563.0 8,431,922.0 13,710,100.3 15,684,626.8 10.95 29.161% 385.0Negative increase
 Ivory Coast 6,679.5 11,278.4 20,283.6 31,455.4 36,177.2 1.32 0.067% 320.8Negative increase
 Cameroon 7,947.9 31,266.3 32,468.2 40,731.0 43,171.3 1.58 0.080% 138.1Negative increase
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 13,009.6 28,575.6 30,971.3 56,278.8 61,635.1 0.65 0.115% 215.7Negative increase
 Republic of the Congo 2,540.0 11,465.8 20,723.1 22,759.2 25,962.4 4.34 0.048% 226.4Negative increase
 Cook Islands 27.7 51.2 100.4 130.8 118.2 6.96 0.000% 231.2Negative increase
 Colombia 87,114.0 139,103.6 164,779.9 193,581.5 215,537.4 4.23 0.401% 154.9Negative increase
 Comoros 239.9 343.1 535.7 777.1 922.1 1.02 0.002% 268.8Negative increase
 Cape Verde 249.1 229.5 858.9 1,108.2 1,303.3 2.24 0.002% 567.9Negative increase
 Costa Rica 5,992.2 10,004.7 12,441.3 16,056.3 16,861.4 3.29 0.031% 168.5Negative increase
 Cuba 46,962.8 63,546.9 46,032.7 47,552.6 44,376.6 3.86 0.083% 69.8Positive decrease
 Cayman Islands 30.1 122.6 162.0 291.0 344.8 5.31 0.001% 281.2Negative increase
 Cyprus 2,942.0 5,548.3 9,178.7 9,196.8 10,629.9 8.68 0.020% 191.6Negative increase
 Czech Republic 216,877.1 197,202.5 151,150.6 133,490.3 124,495.1 11.71 0.231% 63.1Positive decrease
 Germany 1,322,146.9 1,235,234.5 983,712.9 893,939.6 784,004.6 9.49 1.458% 63.5Positive decrease
 Djibouti 998.4 1,892.8 1,968.3 2,027.4 2,232.3 2.17 0.004% 117.9Negative increase
 Dominica 39.6 87.2 128.0 140.5 147.4 1.97 0.000% 169.0Negative increase
 Denmark 80,430.4 69,457.6 67,257.0 49,838.8 45,795.2 7.84 0.085% 65.9Positive decrease
 Dominican Republic 10,231.5 18,067.1 30,905.6 40,279.2 41,858.5 3.70 0.078% 231.7Negative increase
 Algeria 57,099.8 145,886.9 188,337.6 264,905.6 284,445.1 6.38 0.529% 195.0Negative increase
 Ecuador 14,207.5 38,508.7 56,604.8 70,234.3 76,943.7 4.32 0.143% 199.8Negative increase
 Egypt 62,238.6 153,020.6 278,860.0 378,645.0 377,780.1 3.55 0.702% 246.9Negative increase
 Eritrea 4,173.6 4,832.3 5,763.3 6,528.0 6,951.9 1.22 0.013% 143.9Negative increase
 Western Sahara 107.9 240.6 456.1 448.6 490.4 0.78 0.001% 203.8Negative increase
 Spain 192,859.1 300,269.0 455,616.4 357,474.6 328,591.0 7.08 0.611% 109.4Negative increase
 Estonia 20,225.6 43,093.4 22,733.5 25,319.7 13,809.3 10.68 0.026% 32.0Positive decrease
 Ethiopia 54,131.4 66,228.5 95,212.0 156,161.2 192,474.0 1.63 0.358% 290.6Negative increase
 Finland 66,615.5 85,557.8 87,451.9 66,912.5 54,805.0 9.76 0.102% 64.1Positive decrease
 Fiji 1,442.6 2,195.4 3,296.9 2,869.0 2,982.3 3.19 0.006% 135.8Negative increase
 Falkland Islands 3.8 7.0 12.5 18.6 25.0 8.35 0.000% 355.3Negative increase
 France 637,749.4 535,186.8 546,469.6 469,611.9 430,363.3 6.50 0.800% 80.4Positive decrease
 Faroe Islands 46.3 48.4 49.7 50.7 51.0 1.00 0.000% 105.4Negative increase
 Gabon 6,818.1 20,391.3 26,339.3 19,892.2 18,626.7 8.32 0.035% 91.3Positive decrease
 United Kingdom 880,219.7 786,212.3 681,822.8 470,745.3 426,562.1 6.27 0.793% 54.3Positive decrease
 Georgia 29,319.2 42,124.3 11,260.5 17,047.8 18,045.8 4.66 0.034% 42.8Positive decrease
 Ghana 7,575.5 11,319.4 19,310.7 40,516.7 53,007.3 1.66 0.099% 468.3Negative increase
 Gibraltar 82.6 159.8 428.4 677.7 689.0 19.68 0.001% 431.1Negative increase
 Guinea 5,172.0 7,901.2 13,781.2 25,208.1 29,280.4 2.02 0.054% 370.6Negative increase
 Guadeloupe 459.1 959.3 991.5 1,191.2 1,260.1 2.81 0.002% 131.3Negative increase
 Gambia 731.7 972.9 1,530.0 2,120.5 2,343.5 0.97 0.004% 240.9Negative increase
 Guinea-Bissau 844.5 1,663.5 2,182.3 2,933.5 3,243.3 1.55 0.006% 195.0Negative increase
 Equatorial Guinea 115.0 182.3 17,072.8 16,576.5 11,551.9 7.71 0.021% 6,336.7Negative increase
 Greece 45,373.4 99,514.3 128,975.6 89,820.1 76,031.2 6.88 0.141% 76.4Positive decrease
 Grenada 63.5 101.1 128.2 184.8 194.1 1.75 0.000% 191.9Negative increase
 Greenland 52.1 65.2 694.0 582.8 539.5 9.47 0.001% 827.1Negative increase
 Guatemala 8,950.6 14,150.7 27,402.9 39,327.6 45,018.3 2.42 0.084% 318.1Negative increase
 French Guiana 121.0 371.5 360.9 557.9 585.5 1.84 0.001% 157.6Negative increase
 Guyana 5,098.6 3,849.2 4,447.1 5,991.5 7,791.0 9.75 0.014% 202.4Negative increase
 Hong Kong 12,084.0 39,973.7 48,363.5 50,499.7 39,140.1 5.12 0.073% 97.9Positive decrease
 Honduras 6,044.0 9,652.8 16,526.5 21,461.3 23,744.8 2.37 0.044% 246.0Negative increase
 Croatia 28,751.2 34,067.6 30,005.8 26,537.8 24,177.8 5.94 0.045% 71.0Positive decrease
 Haiti 6,441.0 7,925.3 11,250.6 14,850.2 14,874.1 1.28 0.028% 187.7Negative increase
 Hungary 91,797.8 96,780.9 80,244.1 71,451.9 66,207.6 6.93 0.123% 68.4Positive decrease
 Indonesia 217,887.6 427,655.1 694,313.9 1,019,775.1 1,240,832.6 4.47 2.307% 290.1Negative increase
 India 817,874.6 1,436,580.6 2,203,100.2 3,590,031.5 3,943,264.6 2.79 7.331% 274.5Negative increase
 Ireland 40,003.1 57,591.4 75,339.4 66,621.6 62,419.1 12.58 0.116% 108.4Negative increase
 Iran 212,904.4 332,763.0 683,556.5 937,917.3 951,983.7 11.20 1.770% 286.1Negative increase
 Iraq 100,560.3 169,632.3 163,848.9 330,746.9 367,941.1 8.41 0.684% 216.9Negative increase
 Iceland 3,228.7 4,427.6 4,266.4 4,590.7 4,768.2 13.70 0.009% 107.7Negative increase
 Israel 72,897.9 42,692.9 73,940.7 87,727.6 87,753.7 6.02 0.163% 205.5Negative increase
 Italy 395,944.8 513,737.9 580,426.5 422,796.1 394,747.9 6.70 0.734% 76.8Positive decrease
 Jamaica 9,414.9 9,289.7 12,598.5 8,921.5 7,706.8 2.64 0.014% 83.0Positive decrease
 Jordan 3,730.4 12,541.8 25,593.4 35,693.8 34,539.2 3.32 0.064% 275.4Negative increase
 Japan 1,022,184.8 1,321,807.7 1,402,607.5 1,306,923.4 1,182,769.9 9.41 2.199% 89.5Positive decrease
 Kazakhstan 259,461.0 349,540.7 243,168.7 308,907.7 331,530.2 17.33 0.616% 94.8Positive decrease
 Kenya 24,912.4 42,674.8 59,858.5 96,050.0 117,894.8 2.10 0.219% 276.3Negative increase
 Kyrgyzstan 20,060.8 33,702.7 12,045.1 20,101.6 21,939.6 3.40 0.041% 65.1Positive decrease
 Cambodia 26,301.0 20,264.9 28,923.5 42,488.5 50,016.3 2.91 0.093% 246.8Negative increase
 Kiribati 27.2 35.1 90.9 113.7 110.0 0.87 0.000% 313.3Negative increase
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 65.4 66.4 111.4 144.3 153.3 2.64 0.000% 231.0Negative increase
 South Korea 103,319.8 330,373.9 582,519.8 745,547.3 725,743.6 14.01 1.349% 219.7Negative increase
 Kuwait 73,341.8 49,868.2 117,473.3 144,112.3 167,862.0 37.96 0.312% 336.6Negative increase
 Laos 7,219.9 8,240.3 11,735.9 34,185.9 36,861.5 5.01 0.069% 447.3Negative increase
 Lebanon 6,966.9 8,059.7 20,980.5 36,324.7 31,926.8 5.43 0.059% 396.1Negative increase
 Liberia 1,669.0 1,790.4 2,697.3 4,370.3 5,311.2 0.99 0.010% 296.6Negative increase
 Libya 131,650.6 86,632.3 105,179.5 85,377.1 104,513.9 15.32 0.194% 120.6Negative increase
 Saint Lucia 92.1 163.6 240.8 338.4 433.4 2.37 0.001% 264.9Negative increase
 Sri Lanka 20,512.1 23,102.8 32,333.9 40,768.9 38,804.5 1.83 0.072% 168.0Negative increase
 Lesotho 1,975.0 2,206.8 2,830.3 3,055.4 3,023.1 1.27 0.006% 137.0Negative increase
 Lithuania 28,548.4 46,631.4 21,676.3 23,042.3 20,846.9 7.37 0.039% 44.7Positive decrease
 Luxembourg 19,249.8 12,669.8 13,072.2 10,147.7 8,475.6 13.69 0.016% 66.9Positive decrease
 Latvia 18,089.7 27,266.5 11,742.4 11,813.6 11,107.8 5.98 0.021% 40.7Positive decrease
 Macau 361.4 1,010.9 2,303.7 3,366.2 2,414.1 3.59 0.004% 238.8Negative increase
 Morocco 24,016.5 45,249.7 74,237.8 102,365.0 114,770.7 3.03 0.213% 253.6Negative increase
 Moldova 20,872.4 37,447.1 11,180.6 11,870.3 12,320.3 3.09 0.023% 32.9Positive decrease
 Madagascar 20,981.5 25,245.0 28,168.0 34,371.9 34,979.8 1.20 0.065% 138.6Negative increase
 Maldives 31.6 152.5 845.1 2,085.4 2,424.3 5.14 0.005% 1,589.8Negative increase
 Mexico 217,975.3 466,419.2 707,979.7 802,741.6 819,872.9 5.99 1.524% 175.8Negative increase
 North Macedonia 12,307.4 14,468.7 12,439.6 10,801.8 11,183.8 5.35 0.021% 77.3Positive decrease
 Mali 12,192.6 13,389.4 22,415.4 41,132.6 49,383.2 2.30 0.092% 368.8Negative increase
 Malta 791.6 2,489.8 2,921.9 2,013.7 2,178.2 5.00 0.004% 87.5Positive decrease
 Myanmar 71,740.5 72,767.1 111,059.6 157,469.5 169,386.9 3.04 0.315% 232.8Negative increase
 Mongolia 15,872.6 25,924.4 25,063.6 62,660.4 62,790.3 19.07 0.117% 242.2Negative increase
 Mozambique 10,296.9 10,380.5 17,947.2 35,740.8 40,072.1 1.17 0.075% 386.0Negative increase
 Mauritania 5,695.1 6,649.8 10,404.5 14,679.7 16,669.9 3.31 0.031% 250.7Negative increase
 Martinique 407.0 919.0 875.0 1,055.1 1,078.4 2.80 0.002% 117.3Negative increase
 Mauritius 902.8 1,977.8 3,840.5 6,054.2 6,409.0 5.01 0.012% 324.0Negative increase
 Malawi 2,739.2 6,396.9 9,735.5 16,290.1 20,919.5 0.98 0.039% 327.0Negative increase
 Malaysia 33,132.5 94,791.5 246,078.1 307,934.5 353,917.4 10.50 0.658% 373.4Negative increase
 Namibia 6,544.3 6,638.4 10,697.0 12,459.3 13,102.8 4.67 0.024% 197.4Negative increase
 New Caledonia 1,352.8 1,908.7 3,143.2 5,331.1 5,687.9 19.35 0.011% 298.0Negative increase
 Niger 11,310.6 11,678.8 21,581.4 34,528.6 43,240.1 1.66 0.080% 370.2Negative increase
 Nigeria 186,683.3 287,313.9 399,978.8 408,751.0 407,690.2 1.88 0.758% 141.9Negative increase
 Nicaragua 9,224.9 10,614.4 14,979.9 19,978.2 21,025.2 3.21 0.039% 198.1Negative increase
 Netherlands 182,391.7 228,342.4 226,131.5 206,269.3 167,847.4 9.72 0.312% 73.5Positive decrease
 Norway 55,200.6 62,914.1 74,509.0 73,862.4 69,965.5 12.60 0.130% 111.2Negative increase
 Nepal 25,311.8 31,605.0 37,509.2 53,401.3 56,735.1 1.84 0.105% 179.5Negative increase
 New Zealand 57,277.4 70,544.4 88,081.8 87,974.5 82,720.4 16.83 0.154% 117.3Negative increase
 Oman 14,172.4 33,464.8 66,647.8 121,262.1 137,243.7 25.59 0.255% 410.1Negative increase
 Pakistan 104,993.5 215,032.9 351,128.7 512,766.2 546,099.3 2.53 1.015% 254.0Negative increase
 Panama 6,381.2 7,365.9 12,934.9 16,749.0 18,477.6 4.19 0.034% 250.9Negative increase
 Peru 39,375.9 47,003.3 66,338.5 96,521.1 105,139.4 3.09 0.195% 223.7Negative increase
 Philippines 90,673.0 109,812.4 162,958.0 239,385.7 265,295.9 2.35 0.493% 241.6Negative increase
 Palau 2,149.7 2,326.2 1,841.1 1,255.3 1,418.1 61.65 0.003% 61.0Positive decrease
 Papua New Guinea 1,855.5 3,848.0 9,572.3 11,822.6 9,096.8 1.00 0.017% 236.4Negative increase
 Poland 486,545.0 514,613.2 412,029.3 413,802.9 400,823.8 10.62 0.745% 77.9Positive decrease
 Puerto Rico 30,654.0 21,711.0 28,585.5 13,997.8 15,264.6 4.19 0.028% 70.3Positive decrease
 North Korea 100,088.1 169,836.3 113,563.2 83,986.8 81,292.5 3.12 0.151% 47.9Positive decrease
 Portugal 29,951.0 59,464.8 84,117.7 72,188.8 59,712.5 5.88 0.111% 100.4Negative increase
 Paraguay 10,660.8 21,379.8 26,632.5 43,237.1 45,565.3 6.30 0.085% 213.1Negative increase
 French Polynesia 213.1 960.6 1,150.1 1,189.0 1,122.1 3.82 0.002% 116.8Negative increase
 Qatar 24,294.5 29,080.7 83,445.5 190,788.4 194,652.1 67.38 0.362% 669.4Negative increase
 Réunion 492.2 1,163.1 2,757.1 3,056.7 3,147.2 3.46 0.006% 270.6Negative increase
 Romania 180,720.4 245,773.6 140,123.3 121,013.0 117,061.0 6.10 0.218% 47.6Positive decrease
 Russia 1,910,915.8 3,053,150.2 2,221,772.8 2,339,248.0 2,579,798.1 17.99 4.796% 84.5Positive decrease
 Rwanda 4,348.3 6,219.8 5,541.3 8,107.1 9,031.8 0.66 0.017% 145.2Negative increase
 Saudi Arabia 76,320.0 238,391.2 466,493.6 774,572.6 810,511.6 22.64 1.507% 340.0Negative increase
 Serbia and Montenegro 46,143.1 85,526.3 76,987.7 71,887.6 69,945.0 7.54 0.130% 81.8Positive decrease
 Sudan 38,913.6 62,644.9 116,451.2 137,089.8 146,955.4 2.42 0.273% 234.6Negative increase
 Senegal 8,020.5 10,461.7 16,956.3 25,916.8 30,614.5 1.69 0.057% 292.6Negative increase
 Singapore 7,648.1 34,203.2 51,214.0 70,398.0 70,469.5 11.67 0.131% 206.0Negative increase
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 3.9 10.9 11.4 18.6 20.3 5.08 0.000% 186.6Negative increase
 Solomon Islands 137.1 272.5 491.6 587.0 593.8 0.88 0.001% 217.9Negative increase
 Sierra Leone 3,206.2 4,069.3 5,002.0 7,007.8 7,123.1 0.85 0.013% 175.0Negative increase
 El Salvador 5,963.3 7,777.1 13,029.3 11,956.5 13,073.9 2.00 0.024% 168.1Negative increase
 Somalia 18,707.2 25,345.4 30,342.4 30,973.5 33,358.2 1.95 0.062% 131.6Negative increase
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 41.7 93.9 28.2 41.1 44.1 6.30 0.000% 47.0Positive decrease
 São Tomé and Príncipe 40.8 86.6 159.5 235.3 262.4 1.16 0.000% 302.9Negative increase
 Suriname 2,075.4 1,922.3 2,648.0 3,647.6 4,500.3 7.67 0.008% 234.1Negative increase
 Slovakia 57,919.2 74,712.0 52,151.8 47,439.5 45,564.2 8.36 0.085% 61.0Positive decrease
 Slovenia 14,808.8 21,426.1 23,667.6 20,091.2 18,275.8 8.78 0.034% 85.3Positive decrease
 Sweden 116,237.4 79,214.7 81,440.1 66,114.4 60,636.8 5.91 0.113% 76.5Positive decrease
 Eswatini 1,896.5 3,345.0 3,369.5 3,089.8 3,386.9 2.28 0.006% 101.3Negative increase
 Seychelles 135.4 330.3 1,051.0 1,188.0 1,199.4 12.36 0.002% 363.1Negative increase
 Syria 15,921.6 64,097.8 89,637.4 44,949.1 46,311.8 2.26 0.086% 72.3Positive decrease
 Turks and Caicos Islands 5.2 10.7 44.3 95.2 100.7 2.65 0.000% 941.7Negative increase
 Chad 9,097.3 11,136.4 36,548.1 70,226.4 89,837.3 5.21 0.167% 806.7Negative increase
 Togo 1,995.3 3,568.7 6,063.7 8,914.3 11,087.6 1.26 0.021% 310.7Negative increase
 Thailand 120,386.0 221,898.5 381,183.0 449,459.5 463,874.7 6.67 0.862% 209.0Negative increase
 Tajikistan 13,292.8 22,325.1 12,080.8 18,351.3 22,833.6 2.32 0.042% 102.3Negative increase
 Turkmenistan 45,078.1 86,640.9 100,266.1 123,127.1 128,919.2 20.80 0.240% 148.8Negative increase
 Timor-Leste 715.3 595.1 2,041.0 3,135.5 2,475.7 1.72 0.005% 416.0Negative increase
 Tonga 79.0 189.2 237.8 296.1 284.1 2.51 0.001% 150.2Negative increase
 Trinidad and Tobago 9,436.7 18,193.6 51,840.4 50,988.6 45,910.9 33.27 0.085% 252.3Negative increase
 Tunisia 10,853.5 23,923.2 36,498.6 43,521.0 49,820.1 4.11 0.093% 208.3Negative increase
 Turkey 102,477.4 228,085.7 336,515.3 597,556.5 687,526.3 8.09 1.278% 301.4Negative increase
 Taiwan 54,468.2 140,576.5 332,140.0 319,322.7 307,682.3 12.86 0.572% 218.9Negative increase
 Tanzania 21,126.2 31,170.0 50,948.7 77,561.5 89,378.4 1.34 0.166% 286.7Negative increase
 Uganda 13,213.2 18,452.4 28,496.1 46,922.5 56,490.4 1.12 0.105% 306.1Negative increase
 Ukraine 651,144.0 952,140.0 444,000.5 280,727.8 208,606.9 4.84 0.388% 21.9Positive decrease
 Uruguay 29,122.0 29,648.8 38,125.1 41,091.9 41,907.8 11.91 0.078% 141.3Negative increase
 United States 5,750,029.6 6,163,741.6 7,101,881.2 6,110,706.4 6,017,443.0 17.90 11.188% 97.6Positive decrease
 Uzbekistan 109,995.2 177,173.0 191,579.3 203,018.8 227,206.7 6.67 0.422% 128.2Negative increase
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 55.7 87.9 127.8 170.9 154.6 1.39 0.000% 175.8Negative increase
 Venezuela 100,657.7 166,754.7 247,491.0 233,864.8 169,517.1 4.99 0.315% 101.7Negative increase
 British Virgin Islands 9.2 21.3 41.7 71.6 75.4 2.28 0.000% 354.1Negative increase
 Vietnam 94,250.8 112,020.8 239,899.9 386,338.2 489,159.2 4.88 0.909% 436.7Negative increase
 Vanuatu 297.8 479.6 563.7 637.8 585.9 1.91 0.001% 122.2Negative increase
 Samoa 169.0 301.8 441.1 592.7 548.4 2.70 0.001% 181.7Negative increase
 Yemen 5,959.3 18,241.6 45,378.7 31,807.1 38,006.0 1.20 0.071% 208.3Negative increase
 South Africa 243,936.9 411,937.7 555,478.1 602,773.4 534,531.7 8.91 0.994% 129.8Negative increase
 Zambia 12,784.9 16,287.4 17,321.1 27,241.6 30,330.6 1.53 0.056% 186.2Negative increase
 Zimbabwe 22,245.8 35,256.5 28,593.1 29,174.9 30,190.1 1.64 0.056% 85.6Positive decrease
GLOBAL TOTAL 24,497,544 33,268,121 42,318,429 51,195,419 53,786,039 6.76 100% 161.7Negative increase
World – International Aviation 171,160.5 261,804.5 423,309.1 591,079.3 425,963.7 0.792% 162.7Negative increase
World – International Shipping 375,583.6 394,750.8 607,269.9 747,849.1 750,699.3 1.396% 190.2Negative increase

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.
  2. ^
    Global Carbon Project (2022)[5]
    The rate of build-up of GHG in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO2 can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO2 (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Greenhouse gas emissions". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  2. ^ "Annual greenhouse gas emissions by world region, 1850 to 2021". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  3. ^ "Total greenhouse gas emissions per capita". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  4. ^ a b c d United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". unfccc.int. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  5. ^ Global Carbon Project (2022) Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2022
  6. ^ "Per capita greenhouse gas emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  7. ^ "China's Emissions: More Than U.S. Plus Europe, and Still Rising". The New York Times. 2018-01-25.
  8. ^ "Chinese coal fuels rise in global carbon emissions". The Times. 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  9. ^ PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. "China now no. 1 in CO2 emissions; USA in second position". pbl.nl. Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving , nl. Archived from the original on 2014-08-15.
  10. ^ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019.
  11. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Per capita CO2 emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  12. ^ a b c d Joint Research Centre (2023). "GHG emissions of all world countries". EDGAR – Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  13. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  14. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis | Summary for Policymakers (PDF). p. 40. ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6.
  15. ^ Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. Retrieved 2023-11-01.

See also[edit]

External links[edit]